Technology Overview
Hatteras Networks - Technology Overview
Recent advances in
technology now make it possible for carriers to deliver
high-speed Ethernet services over ordinary local loop copper
wiring. Most of these advances are evolutionary, some are
revolutionary. The major breakthroughs are in the area of
bonding, which is the technique used to combine multiple copper
pairs in a seamless fashion to deliver bandwidth incrementally
and on-demand. Some of the advances leverage existing Ethernet
provisions to enhance service differentiation in the
metropolitan area. And the remaining advances involve management
capabilities in the demanding carrier environment.
Hatteras Networks
supports all of these advances, and leads the industry. Which is
why the Hatteras Ethernet Service Edge solutions represents the
state-of-the-art in metro-Ethernet equipment for carrier
networks. No other solution available today in this space is as
powerful and flexible. Hatteras Networks Ethernet Service Edge
solutions are optimized for carriers seeking to grow revenues
and profits throughout the customer serving area - now and for
the foreseeable future.
Hatteras Networks - EFM Copper
Extended Reach Ethernet
Recent advances in technology now make it possible for carriers
to deliver high-speed Ethernet services over ordinary local loop
copper wiring. Most of these advances are evolutionary, some are
revolutionary. The major breakthroughs are in the area of
bonding, which is the technique used to combine multiple copper
pairs in a seamless fashion to deliver bandwidth incrementally
and on-demand. Some of the advances leverage existing Ethernet
provisions to enhance service differentiation in the
metropolitan area. And the remaining advances involve management
capabilities in the demanding carrier environment.
Hatteras Networks supports all of these advances, and leads the
industry. Which is why the Hatteras Ethernet Service Edge
solutions represents the state-of-the-art in metro-Ethernet
equipment for carrier networks. No other solution available
today in this space is as powerful and flexible. Hatteras
Networks Ethernet Service Edge solutions are optimized for
carriers seeking to grow revenues and profits throughout the
customer serving area - now and for the foreseeable future.
Hatteras Networks - Advances On the Road to Ethernet over
Copper
Existing digital subscriber line (DSL) deployments depend on
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), which substantially
complicates service delivery both to the premises and through
the backbone. To achieve higher data rates, Inverse Multiplexing
over ATM (IMA) is normally used to bond copper pairs. But IMA
bonding suffers from numerous limitations, such as when the
throughput of all pairs in the bonded group drop to the lowest
data rate of any single pair. In addition, the interworking
required to convert from Ethernet to ATM (and vice versa)
complicates operation and drives up the cost. Frame relay
suffers from this same extra layer of complexity.
Recognizing the inherent limitations of DSL over ATM and other
first/last mile solutions, the Institute for Electrical and
Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and the Ethernet in the First Mile
Alliance (EFMA) set out to standardize Ethernet over copper
wiring in the local loop. The effort resulted in publication of
an IEEE 802.3ah standard, joining the long list of other 802.3
standards that together govern all aspects of Ethernet.
Planet Broadband - BPL
Networks Technology Overview
With Kejora having the largest
commercial BPL deployments in Indonesia, we can offer
Utilities a range of Smart Grid and Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI) turn-key solutions including network
planning and system device inter-contention ration (starting with a pilot
scheme through to a complete commercially-deployed network).
Kejora's intelligent plug & play, end-to-end PLUS™
system solution combines broadband communication access and
in-home networking capabilities and includes a highly-integrated
network management system (NMS). In addition,
Kejora's
solutions enable remote surveillance, providing full monitoring
and control services to municipalities and government bodies.
Broadband
over Powerline (BPL)
is the transmission of high-speed communications services over
the existing electric network using adaptive technologies. It
is a maturing technology
that is developing as a viable third alternative to DSL and
cable modems to provide high-speed Internet access and offer
ISPs an alternative way into homes and businesses.
BPL may be suitable
in areas where there is a latent demand for broadband,
regulatory clarity, demand stimulation is in place, and the
financial barriers to entry are still too high. Broadband over
Powerline (BPL)
makes it possible for the distribution of high-speed Internet
service, by leveraging pre-existing electric distribution
systems and thereby avoiding the need to build a new
infrastructure.
BPL
technology enables
radio-frequency energy to be transmitted on the same medium
voltage Powerlines that carry the electric current from the
electric sub-stations to transformers outside the customer’s
premises and then into the home or business.
BPL does not require
the installation of a separate data line, as there is no
interference between the electric current and the
radio-frequency energy because they operate at different
frequencies.
The
BPL system operates
at the electric sub-station level where there is a network
connection to the Internet backbone and distribution switches
that inject digitized data into the medium voltage lines. The
signal quality of the data tends to degrade with distance
travelled, which is solved with the installation of repeaters
along the electric line used to regenerate and retransmit the
data stream to or near the transformer outside the customer’s
premises. The real technical challenge with
BPL
technology has been
to transmit the signal from the distribution transformer to the
Customer Premises Equipment without attenuation or reduction in
the signal strength. The approach has been to either bypass it
or send the signals through it.
There are three
methods that are used. Option (1) is to send the signal through
the transformer but this approach with the present equipment
limits the bandwidth available to the consumer; (2) the second
option is to ‘bypass’ the transformer where a coupler and a
router or a bridging device is co-located near the transformer
that re-routes broadband signals around the transformer; (3) the
third option is the ‘wireless step-off’ that creates a wireless
hotspot around each transformer.
Planet Broadband - BPL
technology improvements
Improvements in
the BPL
technology over the
past few years, (such as development of embedded PPPoE), have resulted in movement
beyond laboratory and technical trials to actual commercial
deployment. Two specific problems that were cited as
drawbacks to the technology;
(1) radio frequency interference to wireless and ham radios and
emergency radios (2) difficulties with attenuation and scaling
up solutions, have been addressed.
Tony Sampano B.Sc
MBA
Technical Director
Kejora Gemilang Internusa
